Fraternity - 684 Words

Fraternity means A fraternity (Latin frater : brother) is a brotherhood, although the term sometimes connotes a distinct or formal organization and sometimes a secret society. A fraternity (orfraternal organization) is an organized society of men associated together in an environment of companionship and brotherhood dedicated to the intellectual, physical, moral, religious, and/or social development of its members. History of Fraternity There are known fraternal organizations which existed as far back as ancient Greece and in the Mithraic Mysteries of ancient Rome. Analogous institutions developed in the latemedieval period called confraternities, which were lay organizations allied to the Catholic Church. Some were groups of men†¦show more content†¦These traditions include academic fencingduels with sharp blades while wearing only eye and neck protection, or regular hunting events, as can be seen in examples such asCorps Hubertia Freiburg, Corps Palatia Munich, Corps Rhenania Heidelberg, or Corps Altsachsen Dresden. At Swedish universities, especially those of Uppsala and Lund, students have organized in nations since the 16th century. These organisations are open to all students who wish to join. Parallel to the nations both Uppsala and Lund play host to a large number of university related secret societies, for both students and older academics. In September 2014, Wesleyan University in Connecticut ordered all fraternities with on-campus housing to become co-educational within the next threeShow MoreRelatedFraternity1123 Words   |  5 PagesHow Fraternities and Sororities Impact Students (Or Do They?) Drinking, academics, and social behavior under the microscope Published on September 1, 2011 by Alan Reifman, Ph.D. in On the Campus Right around now is the start of the academic year at American universities. Among the traditional activities accompanying the start of school is fraternity/sorority rush, in which students who wish to join a Greek-letter organization attend functions to learn about and select from the different housesRead MoreFraternity Hazing5319 Words   |  22 PagesFraternity Hazing Google App Integrated Collab https://www.google.com.ph http://www.planetpapers.com http://www.gannett.cornell.edu http://www.termpaperwarehouse.com 1. Hazing (subjecting newcomers to abusive or humiliating tricks and ridicule) has always been seen as a secretive campus activity when it comes to fraternities and pledging. As a result, Dr. Mark Taff resorted in his article that, ..a series of 168 cases of injuries and deaths related to fraternity hazing activities..Read MoreThe Fraternity Of The Brotherhood1897 Words   |  8 PagesJesse joined Alpha Phi Alpha in order to bond with like-minded individuals. Alpha Phi Alpha was the first Black Greek-letter intercollegiate fraternity in the United States founded on Cornell s campus in 1906 initially created as a Black men s literary and support group. The purpose of the organization is to foster strong bonds between men of African descent who faced racial prejudice. The organization combines social purpose with social action. Jesse wanted to be part of the brotherhood:Read More Fraternity Hazing Essay1013 Words   |  5 PagesFraternity Hazing When most people hear the term hazing it brings up images of fraternities, or they just don’t know what it is. In even though hazing occurs in many places including fraternities and sororities, the military, athletic teams and student organizations (marching bands) at both the high school and collegiate levels. Many believe that hazing in fraternities and in general are nothing more than silly tricks and harmless pranks like those from the 1980s hit comedy Animal House. TheRead MoreMasculinity in Fraternities Essay1194 Words   |  5 Pagessuch as the military, sports, clubs, and fraternities, have been constructing their interpretation of masculinity. One major social institution that is active in thousands of Universities across the United States is campus fraternities. Campus fraternities create their own sense of masculinity by generating certain requirements and characteristics a man must hold in order to represent them as a part of their fraternity. So what allows a campus fraternity to fall under the category of a social institutionRead MoreEssay about Fraternities1476 Words   |  6 Pages nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;A fraternity, as defined by the The American Heritage Dictionary is quot;a chiefly social organization of male college students, usually designated by Greek letters.quot;(pg. 523) This definition, however, is very limited and leaves plenty of space for short sighted people to believe the stereotype conveyed by the popular media, where fraternity members are depicted as drunks who accomplish nothing either scholastically or socially. Unfortunately, both thisRead MoreFraternities in He Philippines1668 Words   |  7 PagesStudy A  fraternity  is defined as a group of people united in a relationship, having some common interests, activity, and purpose. It is a  brotherhood, as the members usually say, of people at a college or university usually characterized by Greek letters. For members, fraternity means brotherhood, unity, friendship, trust and acceptance. It means meeting new people, sharing interests and accepting others as well. It helps in building confidence and character because they believe that a fraternity givesRead MoreShould Fraternities And Sororities Be Banned?930 Words   |  4 PagesThe question about Greek life on campus is whether if fraternities and sororities should be banned. The reasoning behind that is because of all the sexual assault, hazing, and binge drinking happening on campus. All of those problems are causing people to be hurt, be raped, or be killed. But if you look into it, Greek organization does have underage members. Colleges should not ban fraternities and sororities. Greek organizations are still relevant on today’s campus. Simon Riker, a freelance musicianRead MoreGetting into a Fraternity or Sorority1181 Words   |  5 Pageshazing may seem like a tradition, and start out as having just a little fun, it can quickly intensify and become dangerous or even fatal. As a teenager, most of them often talk about getting into a fraternity or a sorority. In movies and maybe even someone you know might have a friend in a fraternity or sorority, and they make everything seem like fun, but the worse part of trying to get into these groups is the pledging. Everyone must pledge to officially be one of the groups they are trying toRead MoreWhy Fraternities Should be Banned Essay871 Words   |  4 PagesRecently, the idea of partaking in a fraternity has become more prevalent. Young adults are captivated with wanting to live the Greek life. The clothes and parties seem to drawn in teens like a magnet. However what these teens do not realize is the terrible things associated with fraternities. Many fraternities have a reputation for turning college students into drunks, treating women vulgarly, enacting violent hazing against other fraternity members and disrupting the true reason why students go

A and P Lab 5 Essay - 667 Words

AP - Lab Report Name: Jenny Strohbeck Section: A and P 1 Online The Axial Appendicular Skeleton Purpose: What is the purpose of this exercise? Is there any safety concerns associated with this exercise? If so, list what they are and what precautions should be taken. To identify 3 main bone groups and describe different vertebra Exercise 1: The Skull QUESTIONS: A. Name the eight bones of the cranium. frontal bone, 2 parietal bones, 2 temporal bones, occipital bone, sphenoid, ethmoid. B. What function do the cranial bones serve? To protect the sense organs and the brain C. List the bones that form the eye orbit. Zygomatic, maxilla, lacrimal, frontal bone, spenoid, ethmoid, and palatine†¦show more content†¦What bones make up the bony thorax? Sternum, Ribs, and thoracic vertebrae B. What is the function of the bony thorax? It creates a protective barrier for the organs whithin C. What category of bones are the sternum and ribs? Flat bones D. Why are ribs 11 and 12 referred to as â€Å"floating† ribs? They are attached indirectly to the sternum via shared cartilage E. Propose a reason why the ribs are attached anteriorly by cartilage. Because if they were not they would not be attached to anything and they would all be free floating ribs Exercise 5: The Appendicular Skeleton QUESTIONS: A. What is the pelvic girdle? What is its function? The pelvic girdle is formed by two coxal bones. They withstand stress of weight and locomotion. It attaches the lower appendages to the skeleton. B What is the pectoral girdle? What is its function? Consists of the scapula and the clavicle (shoulder girdle). It attaches the upper appendages to the skeleton and is a major attachment for the major muscle of the neck and trunk. C. Name the bones of the upper appendages (arm, forearm and hand). Humerous, Radius, Ulna, Olecranon process, carpals, metacarpals, phalanges D. Name the bones of the lower appendages (thigh, leg and foot). Femur, Patella, tibia, fibula, tarsals (talus and calcaneus), metatarsals, and phalanges E. Which of the four categories of bones do MOST of theShow MoreRelatedFood Intake Day One Essay995 Words   |  4 Pagesitems listed in Figure 1.1 (p.3 lab book) are minerals and which are not minerals. Put an â€Å"X† in the appropriate box. Yes | No | Mineral | Yes | No | Mineral |    | X | Rock Candy |    | X   | Obsidian |   X |    | Quartz |    | X   | Cubic zirconia |    |   X | Motor oil |    | X   | Hydrogen |   X |    | Emerald |    |   X | Rain water |    | X   | Vitamin D |   X |    | Halite |   Figure 1.1 (p. 3 lab book)    3. Examine the luster of the minerals in Figure 1.2 (p. 4 lab book).  Place the letter A,Read MoreStandard Deviation and High School Seniors1255 Words   |  6 Pagesfrom this city reveals that 162 plan to attend college. Does this indicate that the percentage has increased from that of previous studies? Test at the 5% level of significance. State the null and alternative hypotheses. | | | A. H0: ï  ­ = .79, H1: ï  ­ gt; .79 | | | | B. H0: p = .79, H1: p ≠  .79 | | | | C. H0: p ≠¤ .79, H1: p gt; .79 | | | | D. H0:  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  = .79, H1:  Ã‚  gt; .79 | | Reset Selection | Question 2 of 10 | 1.0 Points | Consider the following scenario in answeringRead MoreLab : Fighting Take All1165 Words   |  5 PagesComGen Labs: Fighting Take-all By Artem Yashchenko Biology 211 Winter 2015 Seattle Central College Lab Partners: Dianna Nguyen Courtney Matzke Madhuri Popuri Abstract The purpose of our lab was to sequence part of the Pseudomonas fluorescens genome trying to find genes coding for the polyketide antibiotic which is thought to be the key component of biological control over Take-all disease. We studied clone #2 and found 100% similarity with genome of Pseudomonas brassicariumRead MoreScin 138 Lab 4:Earthquakes and Seismology1340 Words   |  6 PagesPart 1 of 1 - 40.85/ 100.00001 Points Question 1 of 22 4.55/ 4.55 Points Record your answer from Lab Exercise #1, Step 1, Question 1.What time in hours:minutes:seconds GMT did the P waves arrive? A. 01:48:00 Correct B. 01:49:00 C. 01:50:00 D. 01:51:00 Answer Key: B Question 2 of 22 0.0/ 4.55 Points Record your answer from Lab Exercise #1, Step 1, Question 2. What time in hours:minutes:seconds GMT did the S waves arrive? A. 01:51:30 B. 01:52:00Read MoreReplicating Genetic Cloning To Produce Red Fluorescent Protein1359 Words   |  6 Pagesengineering you can release insulin at your own free will through your phone. This was tested on a diabetic mouse that had an implant that was shown with an LED light (Shao et al./Sci. Trans. Med. 2017). One of the most important tools used in this lab is a micropipette. A micropipette is a device used to transport different amounts of liquids into another compartment by means of dispensing it. This is an important and expensive tool that should be handled with care. The micropipette should: haveRead MoreSyllabus: Human and Tutorial Assignments1366 Words   |  6 PagesBecoming Human (ANT A01 H3Y) Summer 2013 Instructor: Dr. Joyce Parga; Email: j.parga@utoronto.ca Office hours: Tuesdays Thursdays 3-4 pm (or by appointment); Office: MW 382 Lecture meeting times and location: Tuesdays 1-3 pm in SW 319 Tutorials (labs): 5 Tuesdays across the semester during your 1-hr tutorial section in MW 329 Tutorial TA: Dejana Nikitovic; Email: dejana.nikitovic@mail.utoronto.ca; Office: MW 343 (Note: Tutorials begin in Week 3 on Tuesday May 21. See Tutorial Schedule at end of syllabusRead MoreProject Analysis : Project 7a Session 2812 Words   |  4 PagesProject 7A, Session 2 In-Lab Worksheet Your TA’s name: Grace Yen Your name: Andrew Fargalla Lab section:003k Your email: andrewfargalla@email.arizona.edu GRADE ____ /40 p Your Lab Partner: Youssef Elsakkary All work must be well-written and organized. If your penmanship is poor, you must type all responses. If you need to organize your thoughts, please use a separate sheet of paper. A major objective of this lab course is to develop skills in scientific communication. Just having theRead MoreEnzyme Lab Using Jello1445 Words   |  6 PagesEnzyme Lab Using Jello INTRODUCTION: Enzymes are known as protein catalysts. The name protein catalyst suggests that most enzymes are made of proteins. A catalyst is a substance that speeds up chemical reactions without being consumed in the process. (Giuseppe, M 2002, p.69). After a reaction has been catalyzed, the catalyst can be used again to catalyze the same reaction. Enzymes reduce the activation energy (minimal energy) it takes for a reaction to take place. Enzymes can either catabolizeRead MoreLab Partners : Sage Gibson And Vanessa Song1491 Words   |  6 PagesEunice Assibu Lab Partners: Sage Gibson and Vanessa Song. TA: Mian Li Undergrad TA: Haley linnet burdge Bio 118-A60 November 10, 2015 Genetic Transformation Introduction There were two parts of this lab and part 1 was; Transforming E. coli with the pGreen plasmid and Part 2; PCR and Electrophoresis. For this lab, a genetic transformation procedure was performed to introduce a plasmid to another cell and when the cell reproduces it will make a new copy of the plasmid. And genetic transformationRead MoreBoyles Law890 Words   |  4 PagesBoyle’s Law 5-1: Boyle’s Law: Pressure and Volume Robert Boyle, a philosopher and theologian, studied the properties of gases in the 17th century. 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Comparative Criticism of Two Museums Free Essays

Mark Moran Prof. Elizabeth Marlowe Masterpieces of Western Art November 8, 1999 Formal Comparison of Two Museums The Frick Collection and The Guggenheim Museum are both museums on 5th  Avenue in New York’s Upper East Side neighborhood, and they are both named for famous American tycoons from the early 20thcentury. But their similarities pretty much end there. We will write a custom essay sample on Comparative Criticism of Two Museums or any similar topic only for you Order Now The Frick Collection is the former residence of steel baron Henry Clay Frick who spent forty years assembling a large collection of artwork for his personal enjoyment. The Guggenheim Museum, on the other hand, was always intended as a public museum to display various art exhibits. These fundamental differences are most evident in the architectural design of the buildings themselves: the Frick building is a calm, warm house built for a family to live in while the Guggenheim building is a cold, public hall built to accommodate hundreds of art enthusiasts at a time. The styles of the architecture are quite different, and they reflect the very different styles of artwork inside. Furthermore, the shapes and layout of the buildings lend themselves to quite different viewing experiences for the visitor. From the outside, the only things the two buildings have in common is that they both dominate an entire block of 5th  Avenue and they are both white. The Frick building, designed by architect Thomas Hastings, was built from 1913-1914 in the neo-classical style prevalent in New York at the time. Classical arches, ionic columns, and outdoor gardens and fountains remind the viewer of an ancient Roman villa, much like fellow baron and art collector J. P. Getty’s museum in Malibu, CA. Elaborate decoration over the doorways and columns as well as ornamented atriums and statue niches further enhance the classic design and tranquil setting. The building is relatively horizontal, primarily one story that sprawls out much lower than the towering buildings which surround it. The Guggenheim building is just the opposite. Built in 1956 from architect Frank Lloyd Wright’s design, it is as much a vision of the future as Frick’s house is an homage to antiquity. The Guggenheim is a giant concrete and glass spiral designed with mathematical curves and no right ngles. The surfaces are all completely smooth and there is no decoration or ornamentation inside or out. The bizarre structure conjures up images of alien civilizations and challenges the viewer with its unusual shape. The Guggenheim resembles and upside-down wedding cake, which gives it a much more vertical feeling than the Frick, even though it is also shorter than the surrounding buildings. There are no living areas inside the Guggenheim, just one huge chamber with a long spiral that visitors are intended to wind down and view all the artwork from. Artwork is primarily installed along the large spiral, although there are also small rooms which come off the spiral ramp. Because visitors take the elevator to the top, they have nowhere to go but to follow the spiral down. This ensures that they see the artwork in a specific order and provides the satisfying feeling that the viewer has seen all there is to see. The Frick, however, has no set order. Even though some modifications were made by architect John Russell Pope in the 1930’s to convert it for public use, the building largely retains the feeling of a house. Just as one would expect of a house, it is a mixture or narrow hallways, living areas, large banquet rooms, and outdoor courtyards which sprawl out in various directions from the entryway. The rooms are designed for comfort and practical living, not for efficiently taking a tour. Visitors are encouraged to wander through the rooms in any particular order without guidebooks, simply enjoying the pieces as Frick himself did. This provides a relaxing and laid back setting for viewing the assorted artwork inside, but also leaves the visitor unsure of when he has finished seeing the entire collection. Since the collection doesn’t change much, seeing it all is not the point. Relaxing in the setting is. This very different interior designs demonstrate the different priorities of the museums. The Frick Collection is primarily static; that is, it is almost entirely the varied artwork collected by Frick himself (although there is a small area in the basement for temporary exhibits). There is no unifying theme of the pieces inside and Japanese vases sit right beside European paintings. Frick’s goal was to collect pieces of art that he found pleasant to live with, regardless of their genre or origin. For this reason, he had a house built to hold his artwork rather than a museum, even though he always intended to eventually bequeath it as a public collection. The Guggenheim, on the other hand, transforms itself every several months as it rotates in a new exhibit. One month it may be almost entirely 20th  century French paintings and the next month mostly Harley-Davidson motorcycles. That permanent collection of the Guggenheim is relatively small and not its main focus. The main focus of the Guggenheim is to show off a particular theme or genre of artwork assembled by professional museum curators. Since the exhibits only last a few months, the museum encourages repeat viewers who benefit from the spiral design that allows them to efficiently see the entire new show. What is consistent about that Guggenheim’s exhibits is that they are generally modern and challenging, just like the building. The design of the Frick residence is to inspire tranquility. The painting, sculpture, furniture, and pottery range from the Renaissance to the late 19th  century, and there are no violent or startling works in the collection. The building’s layout, from the peaceful fountains to the elegant columns and niches all enforce a feeling of serenity inside the building and out in its gardens. The constantly changing Guggenheim strives to do just the opposite. It’s goal is to be thought-provoking and shocking which is emphasized by its strange structure and lack of benches and resting areas, which are abundant in the Frick. Because Frick’s artwork is pre-20thcentury and somewhat traditional by today’s standards, the mansion built to house the works was designed to be as classical as possible. The building itself is a classically inspired artwork. Likewise, the Guggenheim building is an abstract, thought-provoking piece of 20th  century artwork. The Guggenheim Museum and the Frick Collection are two of New York’s most famous museums. They have fundamentally different architectural designs, both inside and out, that reflect and enhance the different goals of the museums. And yet, they both interact with their environments in a similar manner. Neither building is a large rectangle like the apartment buildings and consulate offices that tower over them. Their unusual designs which dominate entire blocks instead suggest buildings that are open to the public, just as libraries or churches do. Neither of them blends in with the surrounding buildings, and yet each one elegantly faces Central Park and adds to the neighborhood’s overall harmony. The unique shapes of these museums invite passersby to marvel at them and perhaps to come in and admire the artwork, or at least browse through the gift shops. In this sense, the different architecture of these buildings, one classical and one futuristic, produce a similar emotion in the viewer and thus achieve the same goal. How to cite Comparative Criticism of Two Museums, Essay examples

Network Fundamentals To Network Management -Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Network Fundamentals To Network Management? Answer: Introducation This report is about the designing of local area network in an organization however there are three major departments in the organization namely general support, marketing, and sales departments. These departments will be interconnected together to form the local area network; however since they are in the separate floors each department will have its network segment and then will be joined together [1]. The network to be installed will require to have access to internet therefore internet access devices will be installed in each and every network section, to enable the intranet services in this network there will be all network will be configured and a WEB/HTTP server will be installed and it will be located in the general support department . However the network will require support of email services the network will be installed a E-Mail server and will also be located in operation department. Below is the design for the recommended local area network. Type of recommended local area network wiring. The local area network as shown in the above network design diagram indicates the connection made between the various network segments. During the network design there was wiring that was done to link the various components, however the equipments used for the network wiring includes: Switches. The wiring cannot be complete without use of the switch devices, however these devices has a total of 24 ports and therefore allow the connection of many devices to it, however the switches were used in each department where two or one switches were linked to one switch in order to accounting the number of devices in that section in the general operations there were three switches where two were used to connect the computer end devices while third one connected to the network router [2]. The sales department there was also three switches used to connect the end devices and the router connected to the router, while in the marketing department there were two switches one used to connect the computers and the other one connected the computers switch with the router, Routers. The routers are other types of devices and they are connected to the switches that form the departments subnets ,however these routers are then linked to other routers in the other department which will from the entire Local Area Network and through these routers users in the different network can communicate through E-mail or intranet connections. RJ-45 jacks pins. These are other components that are used to connect the end devices to the switches or the switches to the routers they have the male and female jack connection according to the type of the connection. Internet access points: The access point were used to do the internet connectivity to the users where each department was allocated the a internet access point to enable internet connections. Fiber optic cables. The fiber optic cables are also used to do the connection between the departments routers, this will help to offer a high speed internet access and hence better internet and intranet connectivity. The optic fiber cable was recommended to be used for the connection between the departments due to the following reasons. Great data Bandwidth The fiber optic cable will enable quick and simple transmission of data since it can carry more data than any other type of medium. Copper cables were originally designed for voice transmission and have a limited bandwidth [3]. High transmission Speeds The fiber optic cable uses the light principals to do data transmission and its transmission speed exceed the one for the cat 5 and 6 since the signals hardly get degraded during the transmission. Can transmit for longer distances. The fiber optic cables also are good since the data signals can be transmitted for very long distance without loss for even 25kms. Highly Reliable The fiber optic cable cannot be affected by variation of the climate or change in temperature and also there are no chances of having interference since it do not transmit signals electronically therefore it posses more reliability in the network. it is more Flexible in case of future expansion In case the network expansion the fiber optic cable will be easy to extend and the current network will also be included without any network failure. Cat7 Ethernet cables The cat 7 Ethernet cable is a type of cable that was used to connect the computers ,and the internet access points to the switches in the different departments which are then connected to the routers .However this type of cable was used due to the various advantages associated to it. High bandwidth. The cat 7 Ethernet cable has high speed and rate in terms of transmitting the data in various locations where it can be able to transmit at a rate of 600MHz. High shield ability. This cable also has other properties where it is bale to shield any interference which is external and thus no chance of distorting the data signals. Bulk and not easily bent. The network cable is more strong and no one can be able to bend it and thus it is safe from any physical damage . More durable. This Ethernet cable has a very long life span where it can be used for more than twenty years without any damage unless the network will be upgraded or changed. Compatibility with other devices. This network cable is also very good since the upgrade from the old version of cables do not require replacement but it needs the connection since this cable is compatible with all network cables The type of recommended local area network topology and protocol. The local area network design will require a topology that will guide on the physical layout of the local area network however, there will be also the protocol used that will be guiding on how the network components will be communicating with each other. Below are the respective topologies and protocols [4]. Physical Hybrid Topology (star topology and ring topology.) This is the psychology that will be used, this is because the network in the department level is in star topology which is made after linking the end devices to one router then all these routers are linked to the routers which are then linked to the other devices to form a ring topology as in figure below. Fiber Distributed Data Interface network protocol. In this network will however use FDDI type of network protocol where the three different departments has routers that link them then since all these routers are linked to each other in a circular manner the resulting protocol is FDDI which is represented by use of two rings and since it is appropriate for long distance it will fit this network [5]. This protocol is appropriate since there will be data transmission even after the network breakage since signals will be transmitted through the next ring which is not broken, however this network is also best due to speed of up to 100MBps because it uses the fiber optic cables [7]. Floor plans for each floor. In order to install the network there is need to have a map of the plan; this will indicate the location of the various devices in the floor of the three departments [6]. Below is the diagram of the physical plan of this network: Conclusion The organization local area network designing takes various aspects where there are three segments of the network where the second floor is the general operation department, while the second first floor is the marketing and sales department. This network is implemented by joining separate network segments for all these networks where each segment has a network router that connects to the other networks, however the major network components used for wiring and connection is the switches which links the computers in the department level ,routers that connect the network to other departments ,and RJ-45 jack pin that was used to link the devices to the switches or routers, However among the cables used were the fiber optic cable that was used to link the routers to the other departments and the cat 7 Ethernet cables that was used to link switches to the routers and then end devices to the switches. For the purpose of implementation the hybrid topology was used where the switch connected the departments in a star topology and then the routers were connected as a ring hence the topology used is the hybrid topology, however the Fibber Distributed Data Interface network protocol is the topology that was used to guide the network communication and the most important thing is it speed which is quite high. Therefore the network is very important for every organization since it assists in the process communication, internet access, E-mail services and sharing of other resources in the network in order to cut on the operation cost. References. [1] A.Thomas,The Practice of System and Network Administration, New York:Addison-Wesley Professional. [2] D.Jeff,Routing TCP/IP, London: Cisco Press.,2016. [3].D.Kevin, Cisco IOS Cookbook, New York: O'Reilly Media,2015. [4] E.Douglas, Internetworking with TCP/IP Principles, Protocols, and Architecture, Accounting: Prentice Hall,2015. [5] K.James , Computer Networking: A Top-Down Approach, business-law:Pearson publishers,2014. [6].L.John,Computer Architecture:A Quantitative Approach,New York:Morgan Kaufmann publishers ,2015. [7] S.Andrew,TCP/IP Network Administration Craig Hunt Computer,New Yorj: O'Reilly Media,2014.